Indiana University
HISTORY H610
Essential Readings in
Early Medieval History
| Dr. Deborah M. Deliyannis | Spring Semester 2010 |
| Office: Ballantine Hall 708 | Place: BH 235 |
| Office Hours: W 1:30-3:30 or by appt. | Time: W 6:50-8:50 pm |
| Phone: 855-3431 | |
| email: ddeliyan@indiana.edu |
Description
This
course is intended to familiarize students with key issues and
scholarly
debates in the history of the early Middle Ages in western Europe (for
the
purposes of this class AD 400-1000).
We will discuss topics such as (but not restricted to) the "Fall
of
Rome", ethnicity, urbanism, Christianization, literacy, gender roles,
and
the origins of "feudalism", and we will consider both textual and
material sources of evidence for these topics. Students
will be expected to participate actively in class
discussions every week. Each
student will write a book review, which will be presented in class, and
will
produce a bibliographic essay on the topic of the student's choice,
which will
also be presented in one of the last class meetings.
Course
requirements
30% Participation
in
discussions
20% 2 book
reviews (10%
each)
15% A 10-minute
presentation on the research project.
35% A 15-20 page
bibliographic essay
Participation: A
large part (30%) of the course grade is based on class participation. You are expected to do the reading for
each week, and come prepared to discuss it. Your
participation grade will be based as much (or more) on
what you say as how much you say.
Book reviews: Each
student will write two book reviews, which will be presented to class
(10 mins)
on the day listed on the syllabus.
Most of the books listed are monographs, and some are
collections of
essays. The book reviews should be
between 1000 and 1500 words long, and should take the format of a
scholarly
book review (any journal's format may be used). These
books have been reviewed, of course, when they were
published; I recommend that you NOT look at those reviews when writing
your
own, but you should, of course, look at reviews of other books to get
an idea
of the way you might go about it.
Bibliographic
essay:
You
will write a 10-15-page bibliographic essay, on a topic of interest to
you and
related to the early Middle Ages in some way. A
few suggested topics, or suggestions for defining a topic,
can be found at the end of this syllabus, but you should write on what
is of
interest to you. You must
turn in a statement of your topic on Feb. 3, and you must have
discussed it
with me first (during office hours or by appointment; talking about it
before
or after class is not sufficient).
A preliminary bibliography for your paper must be turned in on
Feb.
24. Some of the materials you may
need may not be in our library, and you will be expected to order them
from
interlibrary loan.
Presentation: This
project will result in a 10 minute presentation in the last two class
meetings. This very short
presentation may be done from notes or read from a text; you should
BRIEFLY
explain what your topic was, and what you discovered about its
bibliography. SINCE EVERYONE WILL BE
PRESENTING IN
ONE CLASS MEETING, YOU WILL HAVE TO STAY STRICTLY TO TIME.
Course
resources
All required
readings for
this class will be available as PDF files in the Oncourse Resources
folder, or
will be on reserve in the Kent Cooper Room in the Wells library, or
will be
available online via IUCAT. The
sources are noted on the syllabus.
Many of the books are available for purchase through retailers
such as
Amazon (or directly from the presses), and if you feel that you will
want to
own these books, I encourage you to buy some of them.
Required books
that can be
purchased for a reasonable sum are:
Bitel,
Lisa M. Women in Early Medieval Europe,
400-1100.
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2002.
Brown,
Peter Robert
Lamont. The Rise of Western
Christendom: Triumph and
Diversity, A.D. 200-1000,
2nd
Edition. Blackwell Publishers,
2003.
Herrin,
Judith. The Formation of Christendom, rev. ed.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Hodges,
Richard and
Whitehouse, David. Mohammed,
Charlemagne, and the Origins of Europe:
Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis. London: Duckworth, 1983.
Little,
Lester K.,
ed. Plague and the End of
Antiquity: the Pandemic of 541-750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
McCormick,
Michael. Origins of the
European Economy: Communications
and Commerce AD 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Verhulst,
Adriaan. The Rise of Cities in
Northwest Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999. [used copies available]
Rather than
listing
"additional readings" on the syllabus, I have made available to you,
in the Oncourse Resources folder, an EndNote bibliography that I used
to
construct this class. Each entry
is annotated with "keywords" that roughly correspond to the subjects
on the syllabus, so that you can search it easily by topic.
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Tentative
class
schedule and readings
Jan. 13 Introduction: what are the Early Middle Ages?
Jan. 20 The
Fall of Rome and the End of Antiquity, or, What is Late Antiquity?
Readings:
Croke,
Brian. "A.D. 476: The
manufacturing of a turning
point," Chiron 13
(1983): 81-119. PDF
Wickham, Chris. "The Fall of Rome Will Not Take Place." In Little, Lester K. and Barbara H.
Rosenwein, eds. Debating the
Middle Ages: Issues and Readings, pp. 45-57.
Malden: Blackwell, 1998. PDF
Gillett, Andrew. Review Article: "Rome's Fall and Europe's
Rise." The
Medieval Review
07.10.12, 2007.
Liebeschuetz,
J. H. W. G. "The uses and
abuses of the concept of 'decline' in later Roman history, or, Was
Gibbon
politically incorrect?" with comments by Averil Cameron, Bryan
Ward-Perkins, Mark Whittow, and Luke Lavan, in Recent Research in Late
Antique
Urbanism, ed. Luke Lavan (Portsmouth, NH:
2001), pp. 233-245. PDF
Marcone, Arnaldo. "A Long Late Antiquity? Considerations
on a Controversial Periodization." Journal
of Late Antiquity 1
(2008):
4-19. online through
IUCAT
James, Edward. "The Rise and Function of the Concept 'Late
Antiquity'." Journal of Late Antiquity 1 (2008):
20-30. online through IUCAT
Ando, Clifford. "Decline, Fall, and Transformation." Journal
of
Late Antiquity 1 (2008): 31-60. online through IUCAT
Jan. 27 The
Plague of 541-750
Readings:
Little,
Lester K., ed. Plague and the
End of Antiquity: the Pandemic of 541-750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. reserve
RA644.P7 P39 2007
Book(s)
for review:
Goffart,
Walter. Barbarian Tides. The
Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 2006. reserve D135.
G65. 2006
Halsall,
Guy. Barbarian Migrations and
the Roman West. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2006. reserve DG311
.H35 2007
Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History
of Rome and
the Barbarians. Oxford:
Oxford
University Press, 2005. reserve
D135. G65. 2006
O'Donnell,
James J. The Ruin of the Roman
Empire.
New York: Ecco,
2008. reserve? (Wells
missing)
Ward-Perkins,
Bryan. The Fall of Rome and the End of
Civilization. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2005. reserve
DG311 .W36 2005
van
Dam, Raymond. Leadership and
Community in Late Antique Gaul. Berkeley
& Los Angeles: University of
California Press,
1985. IUCAT E-book
Feb. 3 The
Western Economy after Rome's "Fall"
paper
proposals due
Readings:
Hodges,
Richard and Whitehouse, David. Mohammed,
Charlemagne, and the Origins of Europe:
Archaeology and the Pirenne thesis. London: Duckworth, 1983. reserve
D121 .H63 1983;
McCormick,
Michael. Origins of the
European Economy: Communications
and Commerce AD 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001. reserve HF3495 .M333 2001 (?);
read pp.
1-24, two chapters of your choice, and
778-798.
Sarris,
Peter. "Continuity and Discontinuity in the Post-Roman Economy," Journal
of Agrarian Change 6
(2006): 400-413. online
through IUCAT
Book(s)
for review:
Sarris,
Peter. Economy and Society in
the Age of Justinian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2006. reserve DF568 .S37 2006
Verhulst,
Adriaan. The Carolingian
Economy.
Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2002. reserve
HC41 .V47 2002
Feb. 10 Urbanism
Readings:
Ward-Perkins,
Bryan. "Continuitists,
Catastrophists, and the Towns of Post-Roman Northern Italy," Papers
of
the British School at Rome
65
(1997): 157-176. PDF
Carver,
M. O. H. Arguments in
stone: archaeological research and
the European town in the first millennium. Oxford: Oxbow, 1993. reserve
CC175. C37. 1993
or
Verhulst,
Adriaan. The Rise of Cities in
Northwest Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999. reserve HT131
.V467 1999
Book(s)
for review:
Ward-Perkins,
Bryan. From Classical Antiquity
to the Middle Ages: Urban Public Building in Northern and Central
Italy, A.D.
300-850.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. reserve
NA4303.I8 W37 1984
McCormick,
Michael. Eternal Victory:
Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity,
Byzantium, and the Early Medieval West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
reserve DG89 .M25 1986
Squatriti,
Paolo. Water and Society in
Early Medieval Italy, AD 400-1000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
reserve HD1697.I8 S6 1998
Feb. 17 Ethnicity
and Identity
Readings:
Geary,
Patrick. "Ethnic identity as a situational construct in the Early
Middle
Ages." Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 113 (1983):
15-26. PDF
Hines, John.
"The Becoming of the English:
Identity, Material Culture and Language in Early Anglo-Saxon
England." Anglo-Saxon
Studies in Archaeology and History
7 (1994): 49-59. PDF
Wolfram, Herwig, "Origo
et religio.
Ethnic traditions and literature in early medieval texts." Early Medieval Europe 3.1 (1994):
19-38. online through
IUCAT
Pohl, Walter.
"Telling the Difference:
Signs of Ethnic Identity," in Walter Pohl and Helmut Reimitz,
eds. Strategies of
Distinction: The Construction of
Ethnic Communities, 300-800, pp.
17-69. Leiden: Brill,
1998. PDF
Gillett,
Andrew. "Ethnogenesis:
a Contested Model of Early Medieval
Europe." History Compass 4.2 (2006):
241-260. PDF
Curta, Florin. "Some remarks on ethnicity in medieval
archaeology." Early
Medieval Europe 15
(2007): 159-185. online
Book(s)
for review:
Amory,
Patrick. People and Identity in
Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554. New York: Cambridge University Press,
1997. reserve DG504 .A56 1997
Effros, Bonnie. Merovingian
mortuary archaeology
and the making of the early Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press,
2003. reserve GT3180 .E34 2003
Feb. 24 Christianity
and the Church
Preliminary
Bibliography Due
Readings:
Herrin,
Judith. The Formation of
Christendom, rev. ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2001. reserve BR232 .H47 1989
or
Brown,
Peter Robert Lamont. The rise
of Western Christendom: triumph
and diversity, A.D. 200-1000, 2nd
Edition. Blackwell Publishers,
2003. reserve BR162.2 .B76 2003
Book(s)
for review:
Russell,
J. C. The Germanization of
Early Medieval Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
reserve BR203 .R87 1994
Markus,
Robert A. Gregory the Great and
His World.
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1996. reserve BX1076 .M37 1997
McKitterick,
Rosamond. The Frankish Church
and the Carolingian Reforms 789-895. London: Royal Historical Society, 1977.
reserve BR255 .M32 1977
Noble,
Thomas F. X. The Republic of St
Peter, the Birth of the Papal State 680-825. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1984. reserve DG797.1 .N62 1984
Rosenwein,
Barbara H. Negotiating Space.
Power, Restraint and Privileges of Immunity in Early Medieval Europe.
Ithaca: Cornell University
Press, 1999. reserve JC116.I3
R67 1999
Mar. 3 Saints
and Popular Religion
Readings:
Brown,
Peter R. L. The Cult of the
Saints: its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity.
Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1981. IUCAT
E-book
or
Flint,
Valerie I. J. The Rise of Magic
in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1991. reserve
Book(s)
for review:
Head,
Thomas. Hagiography and the
Cult of Saints: the Diocese of
Orleans 800-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1990. reserve
BX4659.F8 H43 1990
Van
Dam, Raymond. Saints and their
Miracles in Late Antique Gaul. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. IUCAT
E-book
Geary,
Patrick. Furta Sacra: Thefts of
Relics in the Central Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
IUCAT E-book
Mar. 10 Islam
and the European Middle Ages
Readings:
Bulliet,
R. Conversion to Islam in the
Medieval Period: an Essay in
Quantitative History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1979. IUCAT E-book
Humphreys,
R. S. Islamic History:
A Framework for Inquiry.
Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1991. Wells
reserve Z3014.H55 H85 1991 read
chs. 1-4
SPRING BREAK
Mar. 24 Women
and Gender
Readings:
Bitel,
Lisa M. Women in Early Medieval
Europe, 400-1100. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2002. reserve
HQ1147.E85 B57 2002
Book(s)
for review:
Arjava,
A. Women and Law in Late
Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
IUCAT E-book
Schulenberg,
Jane. Forgetful of their
Sex: Female Sanctity and Society,
ca. 500-1100. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1998. reserve BR195.W6 S38 1998
Lynch, Joseph H. Godparents and Kinship in Early Medieval
Europe.
Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1986. reserve
BV1478 .L96 1986
Mar. 31 Orality
vs. Literacy
Readings:
McKitterick,
Rosamond. The Carolingians and
the Written Word. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1989. IUCAT
E-book
Richter, Michael. The Oral Tradition in the Early Middle Ages.
Typologie des sources du moyen Âge occidental, 71. Turnhout: Brepols,
1994.
reserve Z6203 .T992 fasc.71
Book(s)
for review:
Geary,
Patrick. Phantoms of
Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First Millennium.
Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1994. IUCAT E-book
Goffart,
Walter A. The Narrators of
Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800):
Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon.
Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1988. IUCAT E-book
McKitterick,
Rosamond. Charlemagne:
the Formation of a European Identity.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
reserve DC73 .M38 2008
Story,
Joanna. Carolingian
Connections: Anglo-Saxon England
and Carolingian Francia c. 750-870. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003. reserve
DA152.2 .S76 2003
Apr. 7 Social
change: Peasants and the Rural
Economy
paper
proposals due
Readings:
White,
Lynn T. Medieval Technology and
Social Change. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1962. IUCAT E-book: reach
ch. 2
Wickham,
Chris. "The Other Transition:
From the Ancient World to Feudalism," Past and Present 103 (1984):
3-36. JSTOR
Brunner,
Karl. "Continuity and
Discontinuity of Roman Agricultural Knowledge in the Early Middle
Ages." In Del Sweeney, ed., Agriculture
in the Middle Ages - Technology, Practice, and Representation, pp. 21-40.
Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1995. PDF
Devroey,
Jean-Pierre. "Men and Women
in Early Medieval Serfdom: the
Ninth-Century North Frankish Evidence." Past
and Present
166 (2000): 3-30. JSTOR
Sarris, Peter,
ed. Aristocrats, Peasants and the
Transformation of Rural Society, c. 400–800 Journal
of Agrarian Change 9.1
(2009). Read P. Sarris,
"Introduction," pp. 3-22, and Jairus Banaji, "Aristocracies,
Peasantries and the Framing of the Early Middle Ages," pp. 59-91. online through IUCAT
Book(s)
for review:
Bois,
Guy. La mutation de l'an
mil: Lournand, village maconnais
de l'Antiquité au féodalisme. Paris: Fayard, 1989. reserve
DC801.L886 B7 1989
Bonnassie, Pierre. From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western
Europe.
Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1991. reserve
HT757 .B66 1991
Thomas
N. Bisson, "The 'Feudal Revolution'", Past and Present 142 (1994):
6-42; and the responses by:
Dominique BarthŽlemy, Past and Present 152 (1996):
196-205; Stephen White, Past and Present 152 (1996):
205-223; Timothy Reuter, Past and Present 155 (1997):
177-195; Chris Wickham, Past and Present 155 (1997):
195-208; and Thomas Bisson, Past and Present 155 (1997):
208-225. JSTOR
Apr. 14 Social
change: the "feudalism"
question, part 2
Readings:
Brown,
Elizabeth A. R. "The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism
and Historians of Medieval Europe." American
Historical Review 79
(1974): 1063-1088. JSTOR
Reynolds,
Susan. Fiefs and Vassals:
the Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted.
Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1994. IUCAT E-book: read
chs. 1-5
Apr. 21 Social
change: the "feudalism"
question, part 3
Readings:
White,
Lynn T. Medieval Technology and
Social Change. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1962. IUCAT E-book: reach
chapter 1
Bachrach,
Bernard. "Charles Martel, Mounted Shock Combat, the Stirrup, and
Feudalism," Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 7 (1970): 49-75. PDF
Apr. 28 Student
presentations
Term papers
due the
assigned final exam slot, Friday, May 7, at 7:15 p.m.
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A list
of surveys
and textbooks:
Angenendt,
Arnold. Das Frühmittelalter: die abendländische Christenheit von 400
bis 900.
Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1990.
Brown,
Peter Robert
Lamont. The rise of Western
Christendom: triumph and
diversity, A.D. 200-1000,
2nd
Edition. Blackwell Publishers,
2003.
Collins,
Roger. Early Medieval Europe 300-1000, 2nd ed.
Basinstoke: Palgrave,
1999.
Davis-Weyer,
Caecilia. Early Medieval Art,
300-1150.
Sources and Documents in the History of
Art. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1971. Medieval
Academy reprints for teaching,
1986.
Dhondt, Jan
and Michel
Rouche. Le haut Moyen Âge: VIIIe-XIe siècles.
Paris: Bordas, 1976.
Diebold,
William. Word and Image:
An Introduction to Early Medieval Art.
[600-1050] Boulder,
CO: Westview Press, 2000.
The New
Cambridge
Medieval History: vol. 1: c. 500-c. 700, ed. Paul Fouracre (2005); vol. 2: c. 700-c. 900, ed. Rosamond McKitterick (1995); vol.
3: c. 900-c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (2000). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Fried,
Johannes. Die
Formierung Europas, 840-1046. München
: Oldenbourg, 1991. Wells
Heitz,
Carol. La France pré-romane: archéologie et architecture religieuse
du Haut Moyen Âge, IVe siècle-an Mille. Paris: Errance, 1987.
Innes,
Matthew. Introduction to Early Medieval
Western Europe, 300-900 – The Sword, The Plough And the Book.
London: Routledge,
2007.
Le Jan,
Régine. La société
du haut Moyen Âge: VIe-IXe
siècle.
Paris: A. Colin, 2003.
McClendon,
Charles. The
Origins of Medieval Architecture:
Building in Europe, A.D. 600-900. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
McCormick,
Michael. Origins of the
European Economy: Communications
and Commerce AD 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
McKitterick,
Rosamond,
ed. The Early Middle Ages:
Europe 400-1000. Oxford
University Press, 2001.
Riché,
Pierre. Écoles et enseignement
dans le Haut
Moyen Age: fin du Ve siècle -
milieu du XIe siècle. Paris: Picard,
1989.
Rouche,
Michel.
Histoire du Moyen Âge,
vol. 1, VIIe-Xe siècle. Brussels: Éditions
Complexe, 2005.
Smith,
Julia M. H. Europe after Rome: a new cultural history 500-1000.
Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2005.
Wallace-Hadrill,
J.
M. The Barbarian West, 400-1000.
Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1996.
Wickham,
Chris. Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800.
Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2005.
Wickham,
Chris. The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages, 400-1000.
Harmondsworth: Penguin,
2009.
Journals
Studi
Medievali, Ser. 3,
Spoleto, Centro Italiano di Studi
sull'Alto Medioevo, vol. 1 (1960) - vol. 50 (2009) +
Frühmittelalterliche
Studien, Jahrbuch des
Instituts
für Frühmittelalterforschung der Universität
Münster, vol. 1 (1967) - vol. 42
(2008) +
Anglo-Saxon
England, vol. 1 (1972) -
vol. 37 (2009) +
Early
Medieval
Europe, "from the later
Roman
Empire to the eleventh century", vol. 1 (1992) - vol. 17 (2009) +
Antiquité
Tardive, Association
pour l'Antiquité Tardive, vol. 1
(1992) - vol. 15 (2007) +
Journal
of Late
Antiquity, "ca. AD
250-800", vol. 1 (2008) - vol. 2 (2009) +
Book
series
Atti delle
Settimane di
Studio, Spoleto, Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo
(http://www.cisam.org/index.php), vol. 1 (1954)-vol. 56 (2009)
Transformation
of the
Roman World, 14 vols., Brill, 1997-2004, "from the Late Roman Empire to
the Early Middle Ages (4th-8th centuries) in Western and Central
Europe";
continued as Brill's Series on the Early Middle Ages, "from the late
Roman
Empire to the tenth century"
Brepols,
Studies in the
Early Middle Ages (Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York),
2000+ (23
vols. published to date)
Regional
Histories
(in English)
Arnold, C.
J. An Archaeology of the early
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. London: Routledge,
1988.
Brown,
Thomas S. Early Medieval Italy 600-1216.
Harlow: Addison Wesley
Longman Higher Education, 2004.
Collins,
Roger. Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000, 2nd Edition. New
York: St.
Martin's Press, 1995
Collins,
Roger. Visigothic Spain 409-711.
Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.
Curta,
Florin. Southeastern Europe in the
Middle
Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2006.
Curta,
Florin. The Making of the Slavs -
History
and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region c.500-700.
Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Drinkwater,
J. and H. Elton (eds.) Fifth-Century
Gaul – A Crisis of Identity? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Geary,
Patrick. Before France and Germany.
Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1988.
Glick,
Thomas F. Islamic and Christian Spain
in the
Early Middle Ages: Comparative
Perspectives on Social and Cultural Formation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
Haldon,
John. Byzantium
in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1993.
Heather,
Peter,
ed. The Visigoths from the
Migration Period to the Seventh Century – An Ethnographic Perspective.
Woodbridge: Boydell, 1999.
Hunter
Blair,
Peter. An Introduction to
Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd
ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2003. (orig. pub. 1956).
James,
Edward. The Franks.
Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.
Kennedy,
Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the
Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century.
London: Longman, 1986.
La Rocca,
Cristina,
ed. Italy in the Early Middle
Ages.
Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2002.
Merrills,
A.H.,
ed. Vandals, Romans and
Berbers. New Perspectives on Late
Antique North Africa. Burlington, VT: Ashgate,
2004.
Moorhead,
John. Theodoric in Italy.
Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1993.
Nelson,
Janet L. The Frankish world, 750-900.
London: Hambledon, 1996.
Pohl,
Walter. Die
Awaren : ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567-822 n. Chr.
Munich: Beck, 1988.
Reuter,
Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle
Ages.
London: Longman, 1992.
Stenton, F.
M. Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1947.
Wickham,
Chris. Early Medieval Italy: Central
Power
and Local Society, 400-1000. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981
Wolfram,
Herwig. A History of the Goths.
Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1989.
Wood, Ian,
ed. Franks and Alamanni in the
Merovingian Period: An
Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell,
1996.
Wood, Ian. The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450-751.
London: Longman, 1993.